This report analyzes current tendencies in decision-making and the evolving concept of “legislation” in the EU. The causes and consequences of the “legal basis game” are discussed.
International agreements are one of the principal foreign policy tools of the European Union. The use and scope of agreements have increased over the last decades resulting in a highly complex situation not least due to the different level of cooperation and integration between the EU and its neighbours entailed in these agreements.
In the negotiations on the Union’s annual expenditures decision is taken by qualified majority voting (QMV). In this report Professor Mika Widgrén investigates the relationship between the Council voting rules and EU budget transfers by using a power politics model.
Austria joined the EU in January 1995. It had been a long road to membership.
In 2004 the European Union (EU) gained ten new Member States. However in many of the old Member States there were increasing concerns about the implications of this particular enlargement.
Two years after the historic enlargement of the European Union, the attraction of membership is manifested by the long line of new applicant countries. This report studies the role of the EU in the domestic policy processes in the former and current applicant countries of Central and Eastern Europe, with a focus on the dynamics of the legal approximation process.
This report traces the origins of the EU decision to set up battlegroups, describes the underlying political and military concepts and analyses the challenges that the EU and its member states face in realising the Headline goal 2010, the plan adopted by the European defence ministers in June 2004 with the aim of improving European military capabilities. It also discusses the broader question of whether or not a military capability allows the EU to better achieve its goals.
The increased influence of the European Union in world politics has sparked a lively debate on what influence it actually has, its degree of coherence and on the qualities that characterise its behaviour. This report assesses how the EU is perceived by other states in international multilateral negotiations.